Aims and Objectives: Osseointegrated implants are used in replacement of missing teeth. Survival rate of implant depends on many factors including oral hygiene, implant material used, bone quality, and personal oral habit such as smoking. The present retrospective research was conducted to assess the effect of smoking on survival of dental implant. Materials and Methods: The study participants were selected from all the patients who underwent for dental implant in implant center from 2005 to 2015. For each patient, various information regarding implant characteristics and smoking habits were recorded. The readings were statistically evaluated by SPSS statistical software by IBM version 21 and using Chi-square test at P ≤ 0.01. Results: In our study, the age range of patients was between 30 and 54 years. There were 2142 (57.2%) male and 1579 (42.4%) female participants, in that 72.2% were nonsmokers and 27.7% were smokers. Implant placed more in mandible (2312, 62%) than in maxillary region (1409, 37.8%). From 3721 patients, 3600 were successful and 121 failures. Success of implant was considerably more in nonsmokers than smokers. Implant failure rate was more in smokers with increased frequency and duration of cigarette smoking habit, but it was statistically not significant. In the present study, we have observed 0.049% mobility in smokers compared to 0.007% in nonsmokers. Conclusion: The present study showed that higher risk of implant failure was associated with long term and increased frequency of smoking due to bone resorption.

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Background: SOX 2 and OCT 4 are cancer stem cell (CSC) markers required for the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. They have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis. This study was conducted to detect and compare the expression of CSC markers OCT 4 and SOX 2 in ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and to evaluate which marker better stains the stem cell population in the above-mentioned entities. Materials and Methods: Paraffin sections of 15 KCOT's and 15 solid multicystic ameloblastomas were obtained from the archives. Immunohistochemical staining for OCT 4 and SOX 2 was performed using monoclonal rabbit antibodies (PathnSitu Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd). Immunopositivity was determined on the basis of dark brown staining of nucleus and a total of 1000 cells were counted in five representative areas at a magnification of ×400. Results: No OCT 4 positivity was found in ameloblastoma or KCOT. Ameloblastoma showed SOX 2 negativity while high SOX 2 expression was found in KCOT. Conclusion: SOX 2 is a more reliable marker for identifying stem cell population in KCOT. High expression pattern of SOX 2 in KCOT may also explain the aggressive nature of lesion and account for the presence of numerous daughter cysts responsible for its high recurrence rate, and hence, may be helpful to justify its reclassification as a tumor. Targeted therapies may be designed against these CSC populations to render more effective treatment, prevent recurrence, and reduce morbidity of the patients.

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Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) signs in healthy asymptomatic edentulous individuals and denture wearers. Materials and Methods: Four hundred completely edentulous individuals in the age group of 45–75 years, who did not complain of any TMD and were denture bearers with varied denture-wearing span, were examined for the existence of TMD signs and symptoms. Statistical analyses were carried out with Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The total prevalence of TMD in the group was 60.5% (58.75% in males and 63.12% in females). It has been observed that more number of females (63.21%) reported signs of TMD and majority of them (23.25%) reported with two signs of TMD. The most common finding was limitation on mouth opening and the least common finding was joint sounds (crepitus and clicking). The occurrence of findings was not statistically related to edentulous span. Conclusion: The present study showed a high prevalence of signs of TMD in healthy asymptomatic completely edentulous individuals. However, the gender difference was not statistically significant.

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Aims: The current in vitro analysis evaluated the depth of cure in newer bulk fill composite resin which compared the traditionally used hybrid and microfill composite resin which used two different light sources quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and light emitting diode (LED) unit with three varying intensities in conventional standard curing mode for 20 s. Materials and Methods: Three composite resins were selected for this study, namely, bulk fill (Smart Dentin Replacement, Dentsply), hybrid (Tetric N – Ceram, Ivoclar), and microfill (Te-Econom Plus, Ivoclar) with four different thickness 2, 4, 6, and 10 cured with varying intensities (625, 850, and 1025 mW/cm²) using two different light sources QTH (QHL 75, Dentsply) and LED (Ledition, Ivoclar and Valo, Ultradent). The depth of cure was determined using a scraping method based on ISO 4049:2000. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Kruskal–Wallis test is applied followed by Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney test. Results: Best depth of cure results were obtained with a bulk fill composite resin cured under 1025 mW/cm² intensity using LED. Bulk fill showed the highest curing depth results in all varied intensities. Conclusions: Bulk fill composite resin was found to be more successful than hybrid and microfill composite resin with respect to the depth of cure.

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Introduction: Any quality of life (QoL) assessment tool needs to be validated in the language of the participants to whom it is administered. Several language versions of oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) already exist, for example, in German, Swedish, Hebrew, Chinese, Hindi, and Scottish. The present study has tried to establish a Gujarati version of OHIP-14. This Gujarati version of OHIP-14 would be useful to assess the impact of oral health on QoL of dental patients, who understand Gujarati. Aim: This study aimed to translate and validate the Gujarati version of OHIP-14. Materials and Methods: The original English version of the OHIP-14 was translated using the World Health Organization method (forward-backward translation technique), and then 109 participants were given English as well as Gujarati versions of OHIP-14 questionnaire. Filled questionnaires were collected from the participants and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: All the 14 questions showed no statistically significant difference between the English version of OHIP-14 and the translated Gujarati version of OHIP-14. Results of unpaired t-test (P = 0.103) were not statistically significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was 0.990, suggesting that the translated Gujarati version is highly correlated with the original English version. Conclusions: The translated Gujarati version of OHIP-14 is a precise, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing oral health-related QoL among Gujarati population.

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Aims: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of three different bonding systems – G-Bond, Clearfil SE Bond and Prime and Bond – on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Materials and Methods: This study examined the antibacterial effectiveness of dentin bonding systems against S. mutans and E. faecalis. This study was carried out with the standardized inoculums with selective media and the materials assayed were straight away applied on the cultures. Discs of dentin bonding system (4 mm × 4 mm) were made, cured, washed and put on the bacterial inoculums for 24, 48, and 72 h and the growth inhibition was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. The dentin bonding agents evaluated in this study revealed different inhibitory effects. Statistical Analysis Used: Submitted to the analysis of variance. Results: Group A (G-Bond) has an inhibitory effect compared to Group B (Clearfil SE Bond) and Group C (Prime and Bond NT) at 24, 48, and 72 h against S. mutans. Group B (Clearfil SE Bond) has inhibitory effect at 24, 48, and 72 h compared to Group A (G-Bond) and Group C (Prime and Bond NT) against E. faecalis. Conclusions: This self-etching system G Bond and Clearfil SE Bond presented a greater inhibitory effect against S. mutans and E. faecalis than the conventional system, Prime and Bond did.

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Aims and Objectives: To examine adaptation of lining materials to dentin and resin under scanning electron microscope in Class V restorations. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five caries-free extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected, and Class V restoration cavities prepared. The cavities were filled with Dycal as liner, resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitrebond [VT]) as base and restored with composite in different combinations. The statistical software SPSS version 11.0 and Systat 8.0 were used for the analysis of the data. Results: Microgaps were seen when Dycal and VT were used as liners and bases under composite resin restorations. Conclusion: Hybridization of dentin significantly reduced microgaps, especially after adhesive was applied.

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Aims and Objectives: Antiplatelet therapy results in altered platelet function and increased bleeding time (BT). The present study was done to evaluate antiplatelet therapy on bleeding after dental extraction. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case–control study, a total of 150 patients requiring dental extraction were divided into two equal groups; Group I: with 75 patients on antiplatelet therapy and Group II: with 75 patients who have discontinued antiplatelet therapy 5 days before the dental extraction. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, and ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Prior to extraction, BT of all the participants was recorded. Simple extraction for single-molar tooth was done in both the groups under local anesthesia. Suturing followed by pressure pack was placed after extraction. BT after extraction was statistically compared between the groups after 1 h and 24 h using Chi-square test with P < 0.05. Results: None of the patients in both the groups showed active bleeding 1 h and 24 h postoperatively. No bleeding was seen in 71 patients in Group I and 74 patients in Group II after 24 h. Conclusion: The present study showed no significant difference in BT in both the groups. Hence, single-tooth extraction can be done in patients on long-term antiplatelet therapy without discontinuation or alteration of medication.

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